Class 8 science chapter 1 extra question part 1

Q. 1. According to season, the crops are divided into how many cropping 
patterns?
Answer: Based on seasons there are two cropping patterns in India, Kharif and Rabi 
crops.
(a) Kharif crops are those that are sown in the months of June-July and harvested in 
September-October every year. The Kharif crops also sometimes are also called as 
‘summer crops’. Examples of some of the Kharif crops are paddy, maize, sorghum, 
sugarcane, and pearl millets.
(b) Rabi crops are those that are sown in the months of October-November and 
harvested in the month March-April. The Rabi crops also sometimes are also called as 
‘winter crops’. Examples are wheat, oat, barley and pulses, oil seeds.
Q. 2. Levelling is done after ploughing. Why?
Answer: After ploughing the soil, large lump of soil is left which needs to be levelled. 
Levelling is done to ensure uniform distribution of water to every part of the crop field 
during irrigation. Levelling helps in seed sowing.
Q. 3. Different materials are used for making plough. Name them.
Answer: A plough is made of wood and iron. The main part of the plough is made of a 
long log of wood, called a ploughshaft. A strong triangular iron strip called ploughshare 
is attached to the ploughshaft.
Q. 4. Besides plough, what are the other agricultural implements used for 
loosening and turning soil?
Answer: Other than plough, hoe and cultivators are the agricultural implements used 
for loosening and turning soil?
(a) A hoe is a simple tool used to remove weeds and ploughing the soil. It is made of a 
long rod of wood or iron.



(b) The cultivator is looked iron structure and is driven by a tractor

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