Class 8 science chapter 1 question 58-69

58. Question

What precaution should be taken while spraying weedicides ? Why

Answer

Weedicides affects the health of farmer. So, weedicides should be used

vary carefully. During spraying of weedicides, the nose and mouth of

farmer should be covered with a piece of cloth.

59. Question

Give any four differences between manures and fertilizers.

Answer

Differences between manures and fertilizers:

60. Question

Deϐine the terms:

(i) harvesting,

(ii) threshing, and (iii) winnowing.

Answer

(i) Harvesting: The cutting and gathering of mature food crop like wheat

or paddy is known as harvesting.

(ii) Threshing: The process of removal of the grains of harvested crop

from the chaff is called threshing.

(iii) Winnowing: The process in which grains are separated from chaff

with the help of wind is called winnowing.

61 A. Question

What are the two ways in which food grains are stored on a large scale?

Answer

Food grains are stored on a large scale in silos and granaries (gunny

bags).

61 B. Question

What is the advantage of storing food grains in gunny bags?

Answer

The advantage of storing food grains in gunny bags is that food grains

ϐilled in gunny bags can be easily transported and distributed at various

parts of country.

62. Question

Name two traditional methods of irrigation and two modem methods of

irrigation.

Answer

Traditional methods of irrigation are chain pump and dhekli.

Modern methods of irrigation are sprinkler and drip system.

63. Question

What is a 'combine' which is used in agriculture ? State its functions.

Answer

The process of threshing is done with the help of a machine called

combine. It is in fact a combined harvester and thresher.

Combine separates the grains from chaff.

64. Question

What is ‘animal husbandry'?

Answer

The branch of agriculture which deals with feeding, shelter, health and

breeding of domestic animals is called animal husbandry.

65. Question

What are the various practices necessary for raising animals for food

and Other purposes.

Answer

The various practices necessary for raising animals for food and Other

purposes are:

● Proper food of animals,

● Proper shelter of animals, and

● Proper care of animals.

Long Answer Type Questions

66 A. Question

What is meant by kharif crops ? Give two examples of kharif crops.

Answer

Kharif crops- The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called

kharif crops. The rainy season in India is generally from June to

September. Example- paddy, maize.

66 B. Question

What is meant by rabi crops ? Give two examples of rabi crops.

Answer

Rabi crops – The crops grown in winter season are called rabi crops.

The winter season in India is generally from October to March.

Examples- wheat, gram, etc.

67 A. Question

What is meant by 'sowing'? What are the various methods of sowing the

seeds?

Answer

Sowing is the process of putting the seeds in the soil. There are two

methods of sowing the seeds in the soil. These are-

(i) Sowing by hand, and (ii) Sowing with a sand drill.

67 B. Question

What precautions should be taken in sowing the seeds?

Answer

Following precautions should be taken while sowing the seeds in the

soil:

(i) The seeds should be sown at right depth in the soil suitable for

germination.

(ii) The seeds should be sown at proper spacing

(iii) The seeds should not be sown in highly wet soil.

(iv) The seeds should not be sown in a dry soil.

68. Question

What are good quality seeds? You are given a sample of wheat seeds.

How will you select good, healthy seeds for sowing ?

Answer

Good quality seeds basically mean the most competent seeds, which

will deϐinitely give rise to a healthy plant, which would bear more

healthy seeds. This is important when you're dealing with plants at a

large scale, and you need to maintain crops for a large time frame.

Best wheat seeds would be ones who's color, shape and size are normal

(not brownish, oddly shaped, tiny or bloated). Apart from just the looks,

seeds are also tested for their efϐiciency in germination (how many

seeds from set of 100 would grow in plants when sowed).

69 A. Question

What is the process of 'transplantation' in agriculture? Give examples of

two crops which are usually grown by this process.

Answer

The process of transferring the seedlings from the nursery to the main

ϐield by hand is called transplanting or transplantation. Some crops like

paddy and many vegetables, the seeds are not directly sown in the

ϐield’s soil. In these crop, initially the seeds are sown in the small

nursery to obtain seedlings. Seedlings are then transplanted into the

regular ϐields placing them at a proper distance from one another.

The practice of transplantation is used in the cultivation of paddy crop

and many vegetables like tomatoes and chillies.

69 B. Question

State two advantages of the process of transplantation in growing crops.

Answer

Advantages of transplantation in growing crops:

(i) The process of transplantation helps in planting seedling at a proper

distance from one another so that plants can get obtain adequate

amount of water, nutrients and sunlight.

(ii) The process of transplantation helps to select only healthy seedlings

for the cultivation of crops.