Class 8 science chapter 1 question 44-50

44. Question

What are the two types of crops based on seasons ? Give one e ample of

each type.

Answer

Based on seasons, all crops are classiϐied into two main groups:

(i) Kharif crops- The crops which are sown in the rainy season are

called kharif crops. Example- paddy, maize.

(ii) Rabi crops – The crops grown in winter season are called rabi crops.

Examples- wheat, gram, etc.

45. Question

Name the various agricultural practices in the right sequence in which

they are undertaken by the farmers.

Answer

The various agricultural practices which they are undertaken by the

farmers are:

(i) Preparation of soil

(ii) Sowing

(iii) Adding manure and fertilisers

(iv) Irrigation

(v) Protecting from weeds

(vi) Harvesting

(vii) Storage

46. Question

Describe brieϐly, how soil is prepared for sowing the seeds.

Answer

The preparation of soil is the ϐirst step before growing a crop. The soil is

prepared for sowing the seeds of crop by ploughing, levelling and

manuring. The process of loosening and turning the soil is called

ploughing. It is done by using a tool called plough. It is made up of wood

or iron. One of the important task in agriculture is to turn the soil and

loosen it. It allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil so that

plants are held more ϐirmly to the soil. The ploughed ϐield may have big

pieces of soil called crumbs. It is necessary to break these crumbs with

a plank. The levelling of ploughed soil is done by using an implement

called leveller. Sometimes, manure is added to the soil before tilling.

This helps in proper

mixing of manure with soil. Once the soil is ploughed, levelled and

manured, it is ready for sowing of seeds.

47. Question

Why do farmers carry out levelling of the ploughed ϐields?

Answer - 

Top layer of soil supports plant growth. It gets loss due to ploughing

because of which it can easily washed away by rain or blown away by

wind. So, ploughed soil is levelled by pressing it with a wooden leveller,

so that top soil is not blown away by wind or washed away by water.

48. Question

What are the advantages of sowing seeds. with a seed drill?

Answer

Following are the advantages of sowing seeds with a seed drill:

(i) Seed drill sows the seeds uniformly at proper distance and correct

depths.

(ii) It sows the seeds in regular rows.

(iii) It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing as a result

of which seeds cannot be picked by birds

(iv) Sowing by using a tractor joined with seed drill saves time and

labor.

49. Question

Explain why, the seeds should be sown at right spacings.

Answer

Seeds should be sown at right spacings. They should be neigher sown

too close nor too far apart. If seeds are placed too close, then plants

formed form them will be also too close and will not get enough

sunlight, water and nutrients to grow. On the other hand, if seeds are

placed too far, then it will be a wastage of ϐield space. Thus, the seeds

should be sown at right spacing to proper growth.

50. Question

What is ploughing (or tilling)? Name any two implements used for

tilling the ϐields.

Answer

The process of loosening and turning the soil is called ploughing or

tilling. The agricultural implements used for tilling (loosening and

turning) the soil are plough and hoe.