Class 8 science chapter 1 long questions with answers

Long Answer Questions
Q. 1. As a part of eco-club activity students were asked to raise a kitchen garden 
in the school premises. They were provided with some materials given in the box. 
List the other materials you would require. How will you plan the garden? Write 
the steps.
khurpi, water-can, spade, shovel [NCERT Exemplar]
Ans. The following items are required—seeds and seedlings of vegetable plants from 
nursery, kitchen waste, water.
Steps for raising the garden:
a. Kitchen waste will be collected and composed in a pit.
b. A patch of land will be identified for the garden.
c. Soil will be dug up and levelled with the help of a spade.
d. Sowing of seeds/transplanting of seedlings. Select seeds/seedlings as per the 
season.
e. Water the plants regularly with a water can.
f. Compost will be applied.
g. Weeds will be removed periodically with the help of Khurpi.
Q. 2. Paddy is a major cereal crop in our country.
(i) In which season is paddy cultivated?
(ii) Discuss the method of sowing.
(iii) What measures must be taken to prevent spoilage and insect attack of 
harvested grains? [NCERT Exemplar]
Ans. (i) Rainy season
(ii) Seeds are first grown in a nursery and later seedlings are transplanted in the field.
(iii) Grains are sun dried to reduce the moisture content and later stored in jute bags or 
grain silos.
Q. 3. Write about the natural methods used to maintain soil fertility.
Ans. To maintain the fertility of the soil following natural methods are used:
(a) Field fallow: The land is left free or fallow for one or more seasons to naturally 
regain the nutrients.
(b) Mixed cropping: It is the practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously on 
the same piece of field. For example, if a cereal crop such as wheat is grown along with 
a leguminous crop such as pulse (e.g., gram).
(c) Crop rotation: It is the process of growing a crop in between two similar crops.
For example, wheat crop is planted during the month of November and harvested in 
March and April. Rice crop is planted in June–July and harvested in October November.
Now in between these two seasons, the land lies empty. Instead of leaving it as it is, the 
farmers plant a pulse crop in this time.

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